July 10, 2025
Heat stroke, also known as hyperthermia, is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s temperature regulation fails to cool down the body in extreme heat. Heat stroke requires immediate medical attention, unlike a simple heat rash (Small red bumps or blisters, often appearing on areas like the neck, chest, back, or thighs, also known as “prickly heat” or “miliaria”, especially when the body sweats excessively) or mild dehydration. If not treated promptly, it can lead to severe organ damage or even death.
While hyperthermia typically results from external heat exposure, it’s important to note that certain medical conditions, such as malignant hyperthermia, can also trigger dangerous rises in body temperature.
In this blog, you will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of heat stroke and other forms of hyperthermia, with a special focus on residents of the UAE, where temperatures can soar.
Hyperthermia is a condition in which the body’s core temperature rises above the normal range (around 37°C or 98.6°F). When the body temperature exceeds 40°C (104°F), it becomes a medical emergency.
Type | Description |
Heat Exhaustion | Early stages of heat-related illness with symptoms like heavy sweating and dizziness. |
Heat Stroke | Most severe form, with confusion, unconsciousness, and potential organ failure. |
Malignant Hyperthermia | A rare but life-threatening genetic disorder that causes a severe and rapid increase in body temperature and severe muscle contractions when a person is exposed to certain anesthesia drugs, especially during surgery. It’s not related to external heat like heat stroke; instead, it’s a reaction triggered by specific anesthetics or muscle relaxants. |
Did You Know? Heat stroke is more than just feeling overheated, it can affect your brain, muscles, heart, and kidneys.
Hyperthermia occurs when your body generates more heat than it can release. This imbalance can be caused by two main factors:
While anyone can suffer from heat stroke, certain groups are more vulnerable:
Due to the region’s extreme climate, those who spend extended periods indoors without proper cooling systems—such as in older buildings or spaces without adequate airflow—may also be at risk. Even staying indoors doesn’t guarantee protection if cooling and ventilation are insufficient.
Recognizing symptoms early can prevent complications. Symptoms often appear in stages:
Stage | Symptoms |
Heat cramps | Muscle spasms in legs, arms, or abdomen |
Heat exhaustion | Heavy sweating, weakness, nausea, headache, dizziness |
Heat stroke | High body temperature (>40°C), confusion, dry skin, rapid heartbeat, loss of consciousness |
Did you know? One of the advanced and most critical signs of heat stroke is confusion or altered mental state. If someone becomes disoriented in the heat, seek emergency care immediately.
Loss of consciousness is a medical emergency that occurs when the body overheats and cannot regulate its temperature, typically exceeding 104°F (40°C). It signifies that the brain is no longer functioning properly due to extreme internal heat.
What It Indicates:
First Aid Response:
If someone loses consciousness due to heat stroke:
Doctors diagnose hyperthermia through:
In the case of suspected malignant hyperthermia, muscle biopsy or genetic testing may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
At Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi, we offer advanced diagnostic services and emergency care for heat-related illnesses, including lab testing and continuous monitoring.
Immediate treatment is crucial to lower the body temperature and prevent organ damage.
Hyperthermia is curable when caught early and treated appropriately. Most people recover fully, though more severe cases may result in lasting effects or require longer recovery periods.
Using ice-cold water on someone suffering from heat stroke may seem like a good idea to cool them down quickly, but it can actually be harmful, particularly when the individual has lost consciousness. Here’s why:
Untreated heat stroke can cause:
Recovery time varies depending on the severity of hyperthermia. Mild cases resolve within a few days, while severe cases may require hospitalization and physical therapy.
Given the high temperatures, especially in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, prevention is critical:
Prevention Tip | How It Helps |
Stay hydrated | Drink water every hour, even if you’re not thirsty |
Wear loose, light clothing | Allows sweat to evaporate and body to cool |
Avoid peak sun hours | Stay indoors or in shade between 11 am and 4 pm |
Use sun protection | Wear a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen |
Avoid strenuous activity | Exercise early in the morning or after sunset |
Use air conditioning | Keep your living space cool during summer months |
If you must go outdoors in the UAE summer, take breaks in the shade and carry water with you. Limit time in the sun and wear UV-protective clothing.
Hyperthermia, including heat stroke and malignant hyperthermia, is a serious condition that demands awareness and action, especially in the UAE’s extreme climate. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and prevention strategies, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.
If you or someone near you experiences signs of heat stroke, don’t delay—seek medical care immediately.
Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi offers expert diagnostics, emergency care, and long-term support to help you recover fully.