BREAST CANCER SCREENING: WHY EARLY DETECTION SAVES LIVES

Why Breast Cancer Screening Saves Lives

Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers among women in the UAE and around the world. Breast cancer ranks among the most diagnosed cancer worldwide, alongside prostate cancer. Early detection through breast cancer screening is one of the best ways to improve outcomes. When cancer is found early, before any lump can be felt, treatment is more effective, and the chance of a cure is higher.

What Is a Mammogram & Why Does It Matter

A mammogram is a special X-ray of the breast that captures detailed images of breast tissue. It can reveal tiny abnormalities (including calcifications and small masses) that may indicate early cancer long before they can be felt on examination. For this reason, mammogram screening is considered the gold standard in breast cancer screening.

There are two main types:

• Screening mammogram: Given regularly to women with no symptoms.
• Diagnostic mammogram: Performed when symptoms are present (e.g., a lump, nipple discharge, skin changes) or when a screening mammogram shows something that needs a closer look.

Both play important roles in early detection.

When Should You Start Screening?

According to UAE national guidelines (including Abu Dhabi):

• Women aged 40 and above should get a screening mammogram once every 2 years. 
• If you are at higher risk (strong family history of breast/ovarian cancer, known genetic risk such as BRCA, previous breast issues, or prior chest radiation), your doctor may recommend earlier or more frequent screening and may add ultrasound or MRI. 

Breast Cancer Screening in Abu Dhabi

Breast cancer screening is more than individual health concerns; it has become a public health priority:

• Women 40+ in Abu Dhabi have access to breast cancer screening services (e.g., via structured programs such as IFHAS pathways). 
• If an abnormality is found, diagnostic mammograms, additional imaging, and specialist referral are available within the same system for streamlined care.

What to Expect: The Mammogram Procedure

1. You’ll be asked about your health history (any family history, prior breast issues).
2. If there are no symptoms, you get a screening mammogram. If you experience abnormalities or symptoms, you may require a diagnostic mammogram. 
3. During the test, the breast is gently compressed between two plates. Usually, two views are taken (top and side) to spread the tissue, so the image is clear. 
4. After the screening, a radiologist reviews the images. If anything looks unusual, you might be called in for extra imaging or a diagnostic mammogram. 

Common Signs That Suggest a Diagnostic Mammogram Might Be Needed

Although regular screening is for women without symptoms, there are times when a diagnostic mammogram becomes necessary. Seek help if you notice:

• A lump in the breast or underarm that persists.
• Unusual nipple discharge (especially bloody or clear).
• Changes in breast size, shape, or skin texture (dimpling, redness).
• Persistent pain or discomfort in one breast.

Pros & Cons: What Screening Does (and Its Limitations)

Pros:

• Detects cancer early, before it becomes visible or large.
• Improves survival rates and expands treatment options.
• Often allows for less aggressive treatment.

Limitations / Risks:

• False positives: A suspicious finding that ultimately proves benign, which may lead to anxiety or extra tests
• Over-diagnosis: Detection of very slow-growing cancers that might never cause harm in a person’s lifetime
• Discomfort during the brief compression.

How Often Should You Screen?

Based on current evidence and Abu Dhabi guidelines:

• Every 2 years for women aged 40–69 who are at average risk. 
• If you are at higher risk, you may need more frequent screening or additional imaging (ultrasound/MRI).
• In certain high-risk cases, screening may start earlier, discuss this with your physician.

What Happens After an Abnormal Mammogram

If something unusual is seen:

1. Additional images, possibly a diagnostic mammogram.
2. Ultrasound or MRI may be used for a more detailed view.
3. If an area looks suspicious, a biopsy (small sample of tissue) is taken.
4. A multidisciplinary team (radiologist, oncologist, surgeon) will review results and plan next steps

Timely follow-up is essential and significantly improves outcomes.

Tips for Making Screening More Comfortable & Less Stressful

• Timing: Book your mammogram when breasts are less tender (often soon after your period).
• Clothing: Wear a two-piece outfit so you don’t need to fully undress.
• Communicate: Inform the technologist about pain, breast density, or implants so they can optimize positioning.
• Ask about dense tissue: Dense breasts can make images harder to interpret; you may benefit from supplementary imaging as advised by your doctor.

Conclusion

Breast cancer screening saves lives. A screening mammogram every two years starting at age 40, especially in Abu Dhabi, where there are excellent facilities and accessible programs, is a powerful tool. If you notice any changes in your breasts, don’t wait. Early detection makes all the difference—simpler treatment, better outcomes, and greater peace of mind.