Lung Cancer

 

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two main types of lung cancer:

• Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) : NSCLC is the most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases.

• Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

• Persistent cough that does not go away or worsens over time

• Chest pain that may be aggravated by deep breathing, coughing, or laughing

• Shortness of breath or wheezing

• Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum

• Unexplained weight loss

• Fatigue or weakness

• Recurrent respiratory infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia

Causes and Risk Factors for Lung Cancer

• Smoking: The primary risk factor, responsible for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases

• Secondhand smoke: Exposure to smoke from others increases risk, even for non-smokers

• Radon gas: A colorless, odorless gas that can accumulate in homes, derived from natural uranium in soil

• Asbestos exposure: Occupational exposure to asbestos is linked to lung cancer

• Air pollution: Long-term exposure to certain pollutants may increase lung cancer risk

• Family history: Genetic predisposition can play a role in susceptibility to lung cancer

• Previous lung diseases: Conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis can elevate risk

Screening and Diagnostic Tests for Lung Cancer

• Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT):
  A recommended screening method for high-risk individuals, such as heavy smokers or those with a family history. Can detect lung cancer at an early stage when it is more treatable.

• Chest X-Ray:
  An initial imaging test that may be used if lung cancer is suspected but is less effective than LDCT for early detection.

• Biopsy:
  A definitive test to diagnose lung cancer, involving the removal of a small sample of lung tissue. Types of biopsies include needle biopsy, bronchoscopy, and surgical biopsy.

• Imaging Tests:
  CT scans, MRI, and PET scans may be used to determine the extent of cancer spread and guide treatment decisions.

• IFHAS Screening:
  Lung cancer screening is recommended for high-risk groups aged 55 to 75.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer

• Surgery:
  The primary treatment for early-stage lung cancer, which may involve removing the tumor and some surrounding lung tissue. Types include lobectomy (removal of a lung lobe), pneumonectomy (removal of an entire lung), and wedge resection.

• Radiation Therapy:
  Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Often used after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells or as a primary treatment for inoperable cases.

• Chemotherapy:
  Involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, often used for advanced lung cancer or in combination with other treatments. Can be given before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink tumors or after (adjuvant) to prevent recurrence.

• Targeted Therapy:
  Medications that specifically target cancer cell mutations and growth factors. Used for specific types of lung cancer, such as those with EGFR or ALK mutations.

• Immunotherapy:
  A newer treatment that helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. May be an option for advanced lung cancer, particularly for patients with certain biomarkers.

If you have concerns about lung cancer, your risk factors, or the need for screening, contact us at 8007444.

Consult a Lung Specialist