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Breast Cancer: Understanding the Basics
What is Breast Cancer?
– Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably.
– These cells can form tumors that may spread to surrounding tissues or other parts of the body.
– There are different types of breast cancer, including:
– Invasive: Spreads to surrounding breast tissues.
– Non-invasive: Confined to the ducts or lobules in the breast.
Common Symptoms
– A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
– Change in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast.
– Skin changes, such as dimpling, redness, or puckering.
– Nipple discharge (other than breast milk) or inversion.
Causes and Risk Factors
– Age: Risk increases with age, especially after 50.
– Gender: Primarily affects women, though men can also develop it.
– Family History: Higher risk if immediate family members have had breast cancer.
– Genetics: Mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes increase risk.
– Hormonal Factors: Early menstruation (before 12) or late menopause (after 55) may raise risk.
– Lifestyle Factors:
– Obesity.
– Lack of physical activity.
– Excessive alcohol consumption.
– Hormone replacement therapy.
Screening and Diagnostic Tests
– Breast Self-Examination (BSE):
– Recommended monthly to check for lumps or abnormalities.
– Clinical Breast Exam:
– Performed by a healthcare professional to detect any issues.
– Mammogram:
– X-ray of the breast; recommended annually or biannually for women over 40.
– Ultrasound:
– Uses sound waves to create images of breast tissue, helpful in detecting fluid-filled cysts.
– Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
– Provides detailed images, often used in high-risk patients.
– Biopsy:
– Removal of breast tissue for analysis, used to confirm cancer diagnosis.
Treatment Options
– Surgery:
– Lumpectomy: Removal of the tumor and some surrounding tissue.
– Mastectomy: Removal of one or both breasts.
– Radiation Therapy:
– Uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.
– Chemotherapy:
– Medications used to destroy cancer cells, often used before or after surgery.
– Hormone Therapy:
– Blocks hormones like estrogen that fuel certain types of breast cancer.
– Targeted Therapy:
– Targets specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth.
– Immunotherapy:
– Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.
Reducing Your Risk
– Maintain a healthy weight.
– Stay physically active with regular exercise.
– Limit alcohol intake.
– Eat a balanced, nutritious diet.
– Consider regular screenings, especially if you have a family history.
Importance of Early Detection
– Early detection improves the chances of successful treatment.
– Women should discuss their risk factors and appropriate screening schedules with their healthcare provider.
– Be proactive about breast health by attending regular check-ups and being aware of any changes
Consult with your doctor to learn more about your specific risks and screening schedule.