Although fibromyalgia was only formally recognized in 1979, it has likely existed for centuries. The medical community began paying closer attention once patients described persistent pain and fatigue that couldn’t be explained by injuries, lab tests, or other conditions. 

Fibromyalgia is classified as a syndrome—a cluster of symptoms that tend to appear together over long periods. Patients often report: 

• Persistent widespread pain 

• Tenderness in muscles and soft tissues 

• Severe fatigue and lack of energy 

• Poor sleep quality and frequent awakenings 

• Brain fog (difficulty concentrating or remembering things) 

What makes fibromyalgia puzzling is that, despite these severe symptoms, most lab tests, X-rays, and scans appear normal. This leaves many patients misunderstood, misdiagnosed, or dismissed before getting the right help. 

The Four Pillars of Fibromyalgia Diagnosis 

Doctors use four key elements to suspect and diagnose fibromyalgia: 

1. Widespread Pain 
   Pain should affect multiple regions—upper limbs (arms, shoulders, jaw) or lower limbs (hips, legs, back, abdomen). 

2. Duration 
   Symptoms must be chronic, persisting for at least three months or longer. 

3. Associated Symptoms 
   Fibromyalgia usually comes with severe fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and brain fog. 

4. Exclusion of Other Conditions 
   Doctors rule out other explanations such as thyroid disease, vitamin deficiencies, or arthritis before confirming fibromyalgia. 

Why Fibromyalgia Isn’t Just Ordinary Pain 

To understand fibromyalgia, think of a car alarm. Normally, it only goes off when there’s a real threat. But in fibromyalgia, it’s as if the alarm is stuck on—blaring constantly, even when there’s no danger. 

This happens because of central sensitization—a misfiring of the brain’s pain processing system. In simple terms, the brain overreacts to normal signals, translating them into pain. 

Unlike arthritis or injuries where actual tissues are damaged, fibromyalgia pain is real but not caused by tissue injury. It’s the brain’s wiring that amplifies normal sensations into painful ones. 

Why Fibromyalgia Is Often Misdiagnosed 

For years, fibromyalgia was considered a “mystery illness.” Many patients were told it was “all in their head” because tests showed no abnormalities. 

Symptoms overlap with other conditions such as: 

• Thyroid gland disorders 

• Vitamin D or B12 deficiencies 

• Inflammatory conditions like lupus or arthritis 

• Chronic fatigue syndrome 

This overlap often led to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. However, thanks to growing research, advocacy, and patient stories on social media, fibromyalgia is now better recognized as a legitimate chronic pain condition. 

Causes of Fibromyalgia 

The exact cause remains unclear, but research highlights several contributing factors: 

• Genetics (Heredity): Having a family member with fibromyalgia increases your risk. 

• Environmental Triggers: Trauma, infections, or extreme stress can activate symptoms. 

• Psychological Factors: Anxiety, depression, or prolonged stress can worsen flare-ups. 

• Associated Conditions: People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), migraines, or chronic fatigue syndrome are more likely to develop fibromyalgia. 

Who Gets Fibromyalgia? 

Fibromyalgia affects women 7–8 times more often than men. It usually appears between the ages of 30–50, but cases after age 65 are rare. Men and children can also develop fibromyalgia, though less commonly. 

How Fibromyalgia Is Diagnosed 

Since no single test can confirm fibromyalgia, doctors rely on: 

• Medical History: Discussing symptoms and duration, and family history. 

• Clinical Examination: Checking tender points and pain mapping. 

• Lab Tests & Imaging: To rule out other conditions (thyroid, arthritis, vitamin deficiencies). 

Many specialists use standardized tools like: 

• Widespread Pain Index (WPI) – scoring the number of painful body regions. 

• Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) – measuring fatigue, sleep problems, and cognitive symptoms. 

What Science Tells Us 

Modern research sees fibromyalgia as a pain processing disorder of the nervous system. 

Studies show: 

• Increased neurotransmitters related to pain in the brain. 

• Abnormal pain pathways, making normal sensations feel amplified. 

• Disturbed sleep cycles, which worsen fatigue and pain perception. 

This explains why traditional painkillers don’t always work—because the issue isn’t in the muscles, but in how the brain interprets pain signals. 

Complications of Fibromyalgia 

Without proper management, fibromyalgia can affect many aspects of life: 

• Psychological impact: Anxiety, depression, and feelings of isolation are common. 

• Reduced quality of life: Chronic pain and poor sleep interfere with work, family, and social activities. 

• Increased sensitivity: Even mild stress, weather changes, or exertion may trigger flare-ups. 

Managing Life with Fibromyalgia 

Fibromyalgia has no definitive cure, but symptoms can be significantly reduced and controlled through a multi-faceted approach. The most effective management combines medical treatments, lifestyle changes, rehabilitation, and supportive care, ensuring that patients can lead fuller, more active lives. 

1. Medications & Standard Therapies 

• Antidepressants: Certain medications help regulate serotonin and other brain chemicals, reducing pain sensitivity and improving sleep. 

• Pain modulators: Target nerve overactivity and ease widespread pain. 

• Nutritional Supplements: Magnesium can relax muscles and improve sleep quality, while Vitamin D supports mood regulation and fatigue management. 

2. Multidisciplinary Support 

• Psychological Therapy: Counseling can help patients manage the emotional toll of chronic pain. 

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Proven to reduce pain perception, improve coping strategies, and enhance sleep quality. 

3. Lifestyle Adjustments 

• Exercise: Gentle, low-impact exercises like walking, pilates, yoga, or Zumba boost muscle strength, reduce stiffness, and lift mood. (Avoid over-exertion, as it may trigger flare-ups.) 

• Sleep Hygiene: Maintain consistent sleep and wake times, limit screen use before bed, and create a calm, quiet environment. 

• Stress Management: Techniques like meditation, deep breathing, journaling, or engaging in enjoyable hobbies help lower stress and protect against symptom flare-ups. 

4. Diet & Hydration 

• Hydration: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. 

• Anti-inflammatory foods: Prioritize leafy greens, omega-3 rich fish, nuts, seeds, and magnesium-rich foods. 

• Avoid triggers: Limit caffeine, processed foods, alcohol, and smoking, all of which may worsen symptoms. 

5. Self-Care During Flare-Ups 

• Prepare easy-to-make meals or frozen food options to conserve energy. 

• Practice relaxation techniques like mindfulness or warm baths to ease tension. 

• After a flare-up, return gradually to light physical activity rather than resting for too long, which can increase stiffness. 

6. Rehabilitation & Advanced Interventions 

• Lymphatic drainage massage: Helps relieve muscle tension and reduces pain from trigger points. 

• Posture correction therapy: Improves muscle flexibility and reduces recurrence of flare-ups. 

• Symptomatic interventions: Techniques such as hydrodissection and botulinum toxin (Botox) injections may support muscle relaxation and pain relief, helping patients engage in physical therapy and lifestyle changes more effectively. 

7. Emerging & Experimental Approaches 

Researchers are exploring innovative therapies that may transform fibromyalgia management in the future: 

• Neuromodulation & Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation – targeting pain-processing pathways in the nervous system. 

• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): Investigated for its potential role in gut-brain interaction and chronic pain modulation. 

• Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT): Early studies suggest it may reduce pain and improve quality of life. 

• Regenerative Therapies: Including stem-cell-derived exosomes, cell and gene therapy, and autoimmune-targeted treatments aimed at repairing tissue and modulating the immune system. 

Coping Framework: A Triad Approach 

Think of fibromyalgia care as a three-legged stool: 

• Medical Support: Consult rheumatologists, pain specialists, and mental health providers. 

• Lifestyle Care: Balanced diet, exercise, stress management, and good sleep. 

• Community Connection: Support groups and therapy to validate experiences. 

Together, these pillars provide stability for patients navigating the condition. 

Conclusion 

Fibromyalgia is far more than “just pain.” It is a complex, chronic condition involving the brain, body, and emotions. While invisible to scans and tests, the suffering is very real. 

Through awareness, early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, therapies, and support networks, patients can reclaim control and improve quality of life. With ongoing research, a brighter future for fibromyalgia management—and perhaps even prevention—continues to unfold. 

The good news? With advancements in modern sports injury treatment and orthopedic surgery, many athletes make a full recovery with improved mobility and reduced pain.

At Reem Hospital, our Orthopedic & Sports Medicine experts, such as Dr. Philippe Neyret, offer targeted care for athletic injuries, focusing on fast recovery and long-term performance.

Common Sports Knee Injuries

1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear

An ACL tear occurs due to twisting when landing from a jump, sudden deceleration, or direction changes. This injury often requires ACL reconstruction surgery for athletes aiming to return to peak performance.

2. Meniscus Tear

Twisting motions during sports like soccer or tennis can damage the meniscus or the cartilage of the knee. Partial tears may heal with rest, while complex ones require arthroscopic knee surgery.

3. Patellar Tendinopathy (Also Called Tendinitis)

Frequent jumping in sports such as basketball or volleyball can cause pain below the kneecap. Treatment ranges from adaptation of sports activities to physiotherapy, bracing, and possibly PRP injection.

4. Knee Dislocation

Rare but serious, knee dislocation is a traumatic event like a fall or collision can force knee bones out of alignment. This medical emergency often requires immediate transfer to the hospital for further investigations.

5. Patella Dislocation

When landing from a jump or during a twist, the patella dislocates. Most often, it spontaneously reduces. At the acute phase, radiographs are mandatory. Conservative management (painkillers, anti-inflammatory medications, braces, and physiotherapy) is initially proposed. Complementary imaging is required to indicate the best management plan, which is frequently surgical.

When Is Knee Surgery Necessary?

Many factors must be considered, including patient expectations. Knee surgery is needed when:

• Ligaments like the ACL or PCL are completely torn
• The meniscus or cartilage is severely damaged
• Conservative treatments (bracing, medication, physiotherapy) failed
• Later, if osteoarthritis or joint degeneration develops

In older or long-term athletes, realignment of the lower limb or knee replacement surgery may be recommended to restore mobility and eliminate pain.

Benefits of Knee Surgery

Pain Relief

Surgery helps eliminate chronic discomfort, reducing the need for ongoing painkillers.

Improved Mobility

Athletes often regain the ability to run, stretch, squat, and train post-rehab.

Joint Stability

Reconstructive surgeries can prevent further knee injuries and enhance joint support.

Long-Term Health

Proper surgical treatment can delay or prevent arthritis and future complications.

Return to Sports

Enables athletes to safely resume their sporting activities at competitive levels.

Returning to Sports After Knee Surgery

Athletes can go back to sports, but the timeline varies based on injury severity and the type of surgery.

• ACL reconstruction recovery: 6 to 9 months
• Meniscus repair: 4 to 6 months
• Knee replacement: 6 to 12 weeks for basic mobility, 4 to 6 months for non-strenuous activities

Low-impact sports such as swimming, cycling, walking, Pilates, and yoga are usually allowed in the following weeks. Your orthopedic surgeon will provide clear guidance based on your surgery and sport.

Pain Management After Knee Surgery

Reem Hospital uses personalized pain management plans to ensure athletes recover comfortably. Our multimodal approach includes:

• IV and oral pain medications
• Temporarily, cold therapy and compression sleeves
• Physiotherapy to enhance movement and reduce inflammation

The goal is to proactively treat pain, not wait until it becomes unmanageable.

Are There Risks in Knee Surgery?

In athletes, middle-aged adults, and older patients, all surgeries carry some degree of risk. However, orthopedic knee procedures are generally safe and highly effective when performed by skilled surgeons.

Possible complications include:

• Infection or blood clots
• Joint stiffness

The expected benefits are significant.

Complications, sometimes minor and rarely severe, should not overshadow the benefits of the surgery benefits of surgery. Knee surgery has become one of the most reliable surgeries with an excellent potential to improve the quality of your life. A good rehabilitation program is essential to achieving the best result possible and will minimize the risk of many of these complications. Constant communication between the patient, surgeon, and physical therapist will ensure that any complications are recognized and addressed as early as possible to avoid any long-term negative effects.

For older patients (those over 60 years old), knee replacement surgery has become one of the most reliable procedures for dramatically improving mobility and quality of life. In the longer term, some patients may experience late complications, sometimes referred to as prosthesis disease.

For middle-aged patients (40–50 years old), in some circumstances, “osteotomy” can be performed to realign the lower limb. This helps lower stress on the damaged cartilage and improve joint function, potentially delaying the need for full knee replacement.

Can Both Knees Be Operated on at Once?

Yes, bilateral knee replacement surgery is an option for healthier adolescents and individuals below 65 years old who have equal damage in both knees. It allows for one recovery period instead of two, but it involves more complex monitoring and longer rehabilitation.

What Questions Should Athletes Ask Their Surgeon?

Before undergoing knee surgery, be prepared to ask:

What are my alternatives to surgery?

Non-surgical options may include physical therapy, bracing, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroids, more frequently hyaluronic acid (gel), or PRP (platelets rich plasma) injections, and activity modification. These can be effective for mild to moderate injuries or for individuals not yet ready for surgery. But sometimes it is more dangerous to postpone the operation than to be operated on.

Will I need physiotherapy?

Physiotherapy is a vital part of recovery. It helps restore range of motion, strengthen muscles, reduce stiffness, and prevent scar tissue. Skipping rehab can delay recovery and increase reinjury risk.

How can I prevent reinjury?

• Follow your doctor’s advice and rehab program strictly
• Gradually return to sports
• Use proper technique and form
• Maintain overall muscle balance and flexibility

Can I have a normal life with my prosthesis?

You will need to discuss this with your surgeon. Your surgeon will determine, taking into account your expectations and lifestyle, the framework in which you will live with your prosthesis. You may experience symptoms (discomfort, pain, effusion) or even complications (fracture, wear) if you leave this framework. And you will be frustrated because you will not be able to do the things that you want to do.

Asking these questions ensures your care plan is tailored to your goals and athletic demands.

Conclusion

Knee injuries can be frustrating — but they don’t have to end your athletic journey. From ligament repair to full knee replacement, modern procedures are designed to help you live pain-free, move freely, and get back to doing what you love.

At Reem Hospital, our Orthopedic & Sports Injury Unit is dedicated to helping athletes recover with expert care, personalized rehab plans, and the latest surgical techniques.

Kidney disease is categorized into different stages based on how well the kidneys filter waste. Each stage requires varying levels of treatment. While some patients may need dialysis only three times a week, others might require daily sessions. A nephrologist determines the frequency and duration of dialysis for each patient. 

There are two main types of dialysis: peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen to filter blood, while hemodialysis relies on a dialyzer inside a machine to cleanse the blood. While many kidney patients still undergo dialysis in the hospital, advancements in home dialysis technology now allow patients to receive the same high-quality care in the comfort of their own homes. 

How Home Dialysis Machines Work 

Home dialysis machines help filter toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively. Blood is pumped through tubing into a dialyzer, where it is cleaned and then returned to the body through a dialysis access point. These machines are equipped to control various factors like treatment time, temperature, fluid removal, and pressure to ensure optimal treatment. 

While most home dialysis machines operate similarly, manufacturers have worked to simplify their use, making them easier for patients and caregivers to set up and manage. Additionally, modern machines are simpler to clean and disinfect, making home dialysis more accessible to a wider range of kidney patients. Some newer models even reduce the number of supplies patients need to store at home. 

Advancements in Home Dialysis Machines 

Home dialysis machines have seen significant improvements over time. The goal is to make the machines user-friendly and allow patients to receive treatment with minimal disruption to their daily routines. Today’s machines are easier to maintain and clean, making them a viable option for more kidney patients than ever before. In some cases, newer models also require fewer supplies, which adds convenience for patients. 

Impact of Home Care Dialysis Technology on Kidney Patients 

The latest advancements in home dialysis machines have greatly improved the lives of kidney patients. They can now receive treatment at home, eliminating the need for frequent trips to the hospital. With doctor approval, some patients can even schedule their treatments at times that suit their lifestyle, making it easier to maintain a normal routine of work, social activities, and hobbies. 

For certain patients, more frequent and longer dialysis sessions at home can improve their overall health. These patients often experience increased energy levels and fewer side effects compared to those who have shorter or less frequent sessions. Additionally, with more frequent home dialysis, patients may enjoy fewer dietary restrictions. 

How Home Dialysis Technology Benefits Clinical Care 

Advancements in medical devices and telemedicine also make it easier for nephrologists and their teams to monitor Kidney patients. Virtual visits and regular check-ins allow doctors to stay in touch with patients and provide guidance on their treatment. Many clinics now have specialized dialysis nurses who assist home dialysis patients with machine setup and maintenance. 

As home dialysis becomes more common, kidney care centers can reduce costs associated with in-clinic treatments and equipment. The advanced technology in modern home dialysis machines also provides more accurate data, helping doctors manage treatment plans with greater precision. This improves safety, supports proactive care, and increases the overall effectiveness of kidney disease management. 

Different types of home dialysis 

There are two types of home dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. 

Hemodialysis: 

Hemodialysis utilizes a machine to remove waste and excess fluid from the bloodstream, returning purified blood to circulation free from any toxins or waste. This process requires a minor surgical intervention to establish a vascular access point before the first session and may need replacement once or twice annually. Sessions can be held at a dialysis center or in the patient’s home, usually lasting 3 to 5 hours and taking place three times a week. 

Peritoneal dialysis  

Peritoneal dialysis makes use of the body’s peritoneum as a natural filter. Before commencing peritoneal dialysis, a catheter tube is surgically inserted into your abdomen. Once treatment begins, a cleansing dialysis fluid flows into and out of your body through this tube. This approach provides flexibility, enabling fluid exchange either during the day or overnight. 

Benefits of home hemodialysis 

1. Increased Flexibility: Home dialysis allows for more time to engage in preferred activities. Patients can schedule treatments according to their convenience, offering flexibility for social engagements, work commitments, hobbies, or educational pursuits. 

2. Reduced Travel Burden: By conducting dialysis at home, patients save time and expenses associated with traveling to the hospital. (nearly 2 hours saved with every dialysis session) 

3. Dietary Freedom: With alternate-day dialysis treatments, patients may have greater dietary freedom, tailored to their individual needs. 

4. Continuous Support: A nurse would conduct the dialysis session at home offering 1:1 nursing (one patient: one nurse) compared to one nurse for every 4 patients in Hospital dialysis unit 

Conclusion 

Home hemodialysis offers several benefits including energy conservation, quick recovery after dialysis, increased appetite, time efficiency, reduced risk of hospital-acquired infections and hazards, enhanced ability to work, attend school, and engage in daily activities, improved sleep quality, and reduced medication use. Additionally, it provides the advantage of having a dedicated nurse compared to one nurse serving 4 patients in a center-based dialysis setting. 

In this blog, our expert Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation team breaks down 10 practical steps and exercises to improve posture that you can start today, whether you’re working from home, returning to the gym, or simply looking to feel better in your body. 

Why Posture Matters 

Good posture means your bones are aligned properly with your muscles, joints, and ligaments. When the alignment is off, the body compensates, causing strain in unexpected areas—like the lower back, neck, and even knees. 

At Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi, we see many patients with posture-related discomfort, especially working professionals and teenagers. 

1. Be Aware of Your Posture 

The first step in improving your posture is becoming mindful of how you sit, stand, and move. Awareness allows you to correct bad habits in real time. 

• Keep ears aligned with shoulders 

• Avoid slouching or leaning to one side 

• Keep weight evenly distributed when standing 

Did You Know? Studies show that simply checking your posture several times a day can lead to long-term improvements. 

2. Strengthen Your Core 

Your core muscles—abs, lower back, and pelvic floor—are your posture foundation. A strong core keeps your spine supported throughout the day. 

Try: 

• Planks: A core exercise where you hold your body in a straight line, like a board, supported on your elbows and toes. It strengthens your abs, back, and shoulders. 

• Pelvic tilts:  

• Lie on your back on the floor or a mat, knees bent, feet flat on the ground about hip-width apart. 

• Relax your arms by your sides. 

• Tighten your stomach muscles and gently press your lower back into the floor. 

• Tilt your pelvis up slightly (your tailbone lifts a little), hold this position for 3–5 seconds. 

• Relax and return to the starting position. 

• Repeat 10–15 times. 

• Dead bugs 

1. Lie on your back with arms extended toward the ceiling and knees bent at 90 degrees. 

2. Tighten your core by pressing your lower back into the floor. 

3. Slowly lower your right arm and left leg toward the floor while keeping your back flat. 

4. Return to the start, then repeat with the opposite side. 

• Bird-dog exercises: 

• Start in an all-four position (hands under shoulders, knees under hips). 

• Engage your core and maintain a flat back. 

• Extend your right arm forward and left leg back simultaneously—keep hips level. 

• Hold for 2–3 seconds, then return to the starting position. 

• Repeat on the opposite side. 

These exercises to improve posture can be done at home without equipment. 

H2: 3. Adjust Your Workstation 

A poorly set-up workspace is one of the biggest contributors to bad posture. 

H3: Tips for fixing your desk posture: 

• Your screen should be at eye level 

• Keep your feet flat on the floor 

• Use a chair with lumbar support 

• Avoid looking down at your laptop for long periods 

4. Fix Your Sitting Habits 

If you’re wondering how to fix bad posture, your chair may be part of the problem. Avoid crossing your legs and try not to lean into one armrest. 

Try: 

• Sitting with your knees at 90 degrees 

• Using a rolled towel or lumbar pillow 

• Taking standing breaks every 30–45 minutes 

5. Use Posture-Friendly Footwear 

What you wear on your feet affects your entire posture. High heels, for example, shift your weight forward and throw off alignment. 

Opt for shoes that: 

• Offer arch support 

• Distribute weight evenly 

• Fit properly (avoid tight, narrow shoes) 

6. Stretch Daily 

Tight muscles can pull your body out of alignment. Stretching opens up tight areas like the chest, shoulders, hamstrings, and hip flexors. 

Great stretches include: 

• Chest openers: 

Common Chest Opener Exercises: 

1. Wall Chest Stretch 

• Stand next to a wall. 

• Place your palm and forearm flat against the wall at shoulder height. 

• Gently turn your body away from the wall until you feel a stretch across your chest. 

• Hold for 20–30 seconds each side. 

2. Doorway Stretch 

• Stand in a doorway. 

• Place both arms on the door frame at a 90-degree angle. 

• Step forward with one foot and lean through the doorway to feel the stretch in your chest and shoulders. 

3. Seated or Standing Clasped Hands 

• Sit or stand tall. 

• Clasp your hands behind your back. 

• Straighten your arms and lift them gently while pulling your shoulder blades together. 

• You’ll feel the front of your chest open and stretch. 

4. Bridge Pose (Yoga-based) 

• Lie on your back with knees bent and feet flat on the floor. 

• Press your hips upward while squeezing your glutes. 

• Lift your chest and open the front body, engaging the upper back. 

• Hip flexor lunges:  

1. Start in a kneeling position: One knee on the floor, the other foot flat in front (90-degree angle at both knees). 

2. Shift your weight forward: Gently press your hips forward so that you feel a stretch at the front of the hip of the leg that’s behind. 

3. Engage your core and keep your back straight. 

4. Hold for 20–30 seconds, then switch legs. 

• Shoulder rolls: A simple move where you slowly roll your shoulders forward and backward in circles. It helps loosen tension and improve flexibility in your neck and upper back. 

• Hamstring stretches: A stretch that targets the muscles at the back of your thigh. You typically sit or stand and reach toward your toes to gently lengthen the hamstrings, improving flexibility and easing tightness. 

7. Train Your Back 

Your upper back muscles (especially the rhomboids and traps) play a major role in maintaining upright posture. Strengthening them can reduce slouching. 

Did You Know? Many posture-related issues stem from weak upper back muscles caused by hours of sitting or slouching. 

Exercises to try: 

• Resistance band rows: Sit or stand, hold a resistance band with both hands, and pull it back like you’re rowing a boat. This strengthens your upper back and posture muscles. 

• Reverse flys: With dumbbells or bands, bend slightly forward at the waist, arms hanging down. Then raise your arms out to the sides like wings. Great for shoulder and upper back strength. 

• Wall angels: Stand with your back flat against a wall, arms bent at 90 degrees like a goalpost. Slowly raise and lower your arms up and down, keeping in contact with the wall. It helps improve posture and shoulder mobility. 

• Superman pose: Lie face-down, stretch arms and legs out, and lift them off the floor like you’re flying. Strengthens your lower back and core. 

8. Limit Screen Time 

Screens are a major posture disruptor. “Text neck” and “tech hunch” are now real clinical concerns. 

Tips: 

• Hold phones at eye level 

• Set app time limits 

• Use screen reminders to correct posture 

9. Practice Posture Checks 

Set daily reminders to straighten up. Some apps even buzz when you slouch. 

Checkpoints: 

• Are your shoulders relaxed? 

• Is your head stacked over your spine? 

• Are you sitting on your sit bones (not tailbone)? 

Did You Know? Just 2–3 minutes of intentional posture correction a few times daily can retrain muscle memory over time. 

10. See a Specialist 

If posture issues are chronic or painful, it may be time to see a doctor or physiotherapist. They can create a personalized treatment plan, which may include: 

• Core strengthening 

• Manual therapy 

• Ergonomic guidance 

• Postural taping or bracing 

At Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi, our physical medicine and rehabilitation team works with patients to understand how to permanently fix posture with targeted therapies and corrective movement. 

Conclusion: 

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to how to fix posture, but daily awareness, stretching, and strengthening go a long way. Whether you’re working on posture for health, confidence, or comfort, small changes can have a big impact. 

If you’re still unsure how to fix bad posture or if you’re dealing with ongoing pain, consider seeing a specialist. You don’t have to live with discomfort—solutions are available, and many of them are simple. 

At Reem Hospital, our pediatric rehabilitation specialists are proud to offer DMI therapy as part of our holistic approach to helping children build strength, improve motor control, and gain greater independence—one movement at a time. 

What Is DMI Therapy? 

DMI therapy (short for Dynamic Movement Intervention) is a therapeutic technique designed to help children with motor delays or developmental disabilities improve their ability to move. It involves a series of structured exercises that challenge the child’s balance, posture, and coordination in a safe and supportive environment. 

The therapy is grounded in neuroscience and motor learning principles and is especially beneficial for children with: 

• Cerebral palsy 
• Hypotonia or hypertonia 
• Down syndrome 
• Global developmental delays 
• Genetic syndromes affecting motor function 

Each session is tailored to the child’s unique abilities and goals, using carefully chosen movements and positions to stimulate the nervous system and promote progress. 

How Does Dynamic Movement Intervention Work? 

In dynamic movement intervention, children are guided through a series of exercises that involve fast, repetitive movements and dynamic positioning. These movements are designed to activate reflexes, improve muscle tone, and train the brain to build new motor patterns. 

Therapists may use specialized equipment such as therapy benches, balance blocks, or inclined surfaces to increase difficulty and encourage functional movement like sitting, crawling, or standing. 

The core principles include: 

• Challenging the child’s current motor abilities 
• Encouraging movement outside of their comfort zone 
• Repetition to build neuromuscular memory 
• Promoting independence through skill-building 

Benefits of DMI Therapy 

Many parents are amazed at the progress their children make after just a few sessions of DMI therapy. While results vary depending on the child’s condition and consistency, some common benefits include: 

• Improved core strength and trunk control 
• Better posture and balance 
• Enhanced coordination and movement planning
• Development of new gross motor milestones (rolling, sitting, crawling, standing) 
• Increased confidence and engagement 

Did You Know? Some children who previously struggled with head control or sitting independently have made significant improvements after just a few weeks of consistent dynamic movement intervention. 

Who Can Benefit from DMI Therapy? 

DMI therapy is designed primarily for infants and children who have not yet developed age-appropriate motor skills due to neurological or genetic conditions. It can be introduced as early as a few months old and adjusted to meet the needs of older children as well. 

Children with the following conditions are often excellent candidates: 

What Happens During a Session? 

Each session of dynamic movement intervention is high-energy and typically lasts around 30 to 45 minutes. The child is placed in different positions and guided through quick, purposeful movements that stimulate posture, reflexes, and balance. 

Therapists closely monitor the child’s responses and adapt the difficulty level based on their performance. No two sessions are exactly the same. 

Parents are often encouraged to observe and learn simple exercises that can be reinforced at home, allowing the child to build on their progress between sessions. 

Is DMI Therapy Safe? 

Yes, DMI therapy is considered safe when administered by trained professionals. At Reem Hospital, all therapists providing dynamic movement intervention are specially certified and experienced in pediatric neurodevelopmental therapy. 

Each child is carefully assessed before beginning therapy, and their sessions are designed with their specific medical history, motor level, and sensory needs in mind. 

Did You Know? DMI exercises can be adapted to support children who are non-verbal, have feeding tubes, or use assistive devices. 

How Long Does It Take to See Results? 

Some children show improvements after just a few sessions, while others may require several weeks or months of regular therapy to make progress. The key is consistency and ongoing support. 

Many families report improved trunk control, more purposeful movement, and greater awareness of their body after 4–6 sessions. Long-term improvements often depend on how early the therapy begins and whether it’s paired with other therapies like occupational or speech therapy. 

Final Thoughts 

DMI therapy is more than just a treatment—it’s a powerful tool that helps children explore their bodies, build confidence, and unlock potential through movement. With its growing popularity and strong evidence base, dynamic movement intervention is making a meaningful difference in the lives of children with motor challenges. 

If you’re curious whether DMI is right for your child, our specialists at Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi are here to guide you every step of the way. 

While hyperthermia typically results from external heat exposure, it’s important to note that certain medical conditions, such as malignant hyperthermia, can also trigger dangerous rises in body temperature. 

In this blog, you will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of heat stroke and other forms of hyperthermia, with a special focus on residents of the UAE, where temperatures can soar. 

What Is Hyperthermia? 

Hyperthermia is a condition in which the body’s core temperature rises above the normal range (around 37°C or 98.6°F). When the body temperature exceeds 40°C (104°F), it becomes a medical emergency. 

Forms of hyperthermia: 

Did You Know? Heat stroke is more than just feeling overheated, it can affect your brain, muscles, heart, and kidneys. 

What Causes Hyperthermia? 

Hyperthermia occurs when your body generates more heat than it can release. This imbalance can be caused by two main factors: 

1. Environmental Heat Exposure 

• Spending long hours outdoors in direct sunlight 
• Physical activity during high temperatures 
• Dehydration, which reduces your ability to sweat and cool down 
• Wearing tight or dark clothing that traps heat 
• Indoor risk: Poor ventilation, high humidity, and lack of air conditioning can cause dangerous indoor heat buildup, especially in older buildings or shared accommodations 

2. Medication and Genetic Triggers (Malignant Hyperthermia) 

• Triggered by certain anesthesia drugs like succinylcholine or halothane during surgery 
• Caused by a genetic mutation, most commonly in the RYR1 gene (This gene provides instructions for a protein involved in muscle contraction; mutations in it can trigger malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia.)  
• People often don’t know they have the condition until surgery 
• Important to inform doctors if a family member has had anesthesia-related complications 

Who Is at Risk for Heat Stroke in the UAE? 

While anyone can suffer from heat stroke, certain groups are more vulnerable: 

• Elderly individuals and young children 
• Outdoor workers (construction, delivery) 
• Athletes training outdoors 
• People with chronic conditions like heart disease or diabetes 
• Tourists and expats unaccustomed to the UAE heat 

Due to the region’s extreme climate, those who spend extended periods indoors without proper cooling systems—such as in older buildings or spaces without adequate airflow—may also be at risk. Even staying indoors doesn’t guarantee protection if cooling and ventilation are insufficient. 

Early Symptoms of Hyperthermia 

Recognizing symptoms early can prevent complications. Symptoms often appear in stages: 

Did you know? One of the advanced and most critical signs of heat stroke is confusion or altered mental state. If someone becomes disoriented in the heat, seek emergency care immediately. 

Loss of consciousness is a medical emergency that occurs when the body overheats and cannot regulate its temperature, typically exceeding 104°F (40°C). It signifies that the brain is no longer functioning properly due to extreme internal heat. 

What It Indicates: 

• Potential damage to the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles 
• Without urgent cooling and treatment, it can lead to permanent disability or death 

First Aid Response: 

If someone loses consciousness due to heat stroke: 

1. Call emergency services immediately (e.g., 911). 

2. Move the person to a cool, shaded, or air-conditioned place. 

3. Begin active cooling: 

• Remove excess clothing 
• Apply cold packs to the neck, armpits, and groin 
• Douse with cool (not ice-cold) water or place wet cloth on the skin 
• Use a fan to circulate air 

4. Do not give fluids if the person is unconscious, to avoid choking 

How Is Heat Stroke Diagnosed? 

Doctors diagnose hyperthermia through: 

• Physical examination 
• Measuring body temperature 
• Blood tests (to assess organ function) 
• Electrolyte tests (to detect imbalances) 
• Urine tests (to check dehydration levels) 

In the case of suspected malignant hyperthermia, muscle biopsy or genetic testing may be done to confirm the diagnosis. 

At Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi, we offer advanced diagnostic services and emergency care for heat-related illnesses, including lab testing and continuous monitoring. 

Treatment Options for Hyperthermia 

Immediate treatment is crucial to lower the body temperature and prevent organ damage. 

First Aid for Heat Stroke: 

• Move the person to a cool, shaded place 
• Remove excess clothing 
• Apply cold compresses to neck, underarms, and groin 
• Use fans or misting sprays 
• Offer cool (not ice-cold) fluids if conscious 

Medical Treatment: 

• IV fluids for rehydration 
• Cooling blankets or ice packs 
• Medication to control seizures or muscle spasms 
• Oxygen therapy if needed 

Hyperthermia is curable when caught early and treated appropriately. Most people recover fully, though more severe cases may result in lasting effects or require longer recovery periods. 

Why Ice-Cold Water Should Not Be Used in Heat Stroke, Especially When the Person Has Lost Consciousness 

Using ice-cold water on someone suffering from heat stroke may seem like a good idea to cool them down quickly, but it can actually be harmful, particularly when the individual has lost consciousness. Here’s why: 

1. Risk of Shock 

• Pouring ice-cold water on a person in heat stroke can cause sudden narrowing of blood vessels. 
• This reduces heat loss from the skin and can trap heat inside the body, slowing down internal cooling. 
• It can also send the body into shock state, especially if the person is unconscious or already has unstable blood pressure. 

2. Dangerous Drop in Core Temperature 

• Rapid cooling with extreme cold can lead to hypothermia, particularly if done excessively or inconsistently. 
• In unconscious individuals, it’s harder to monitor core body temperature, increasing the risk of overcooling. 

3. Cardiac Risks 

• A sudden temperature drop from ice water can stress the heart, especially in vulnerable individuals like the elderly, children, or those with heart conditions. 
• It may trigger abnormal heart rhythms or exacerbate heat stroke–induced cardiovascular strain. 

4. Muscle Cramping and Shivering 

• Ice-cold water may induce shivering, which generates more heat, counteracting the goal of cooling. 
• This increases metabolic activity and oxygen demand, the opposite of what the body needs during heat stroke. 

What Happens If Heat Stroke Goes Untreated? 

Untreated heat stroke can cause: 

• Brain damage 
• Organ failure 
• Coma 
• Death 

Recovery time varies depending on the severity of hyperthermia. Mild cases resolve within a few days, while severe cases may require hospitalization and physical therapy. 

How to Prevent Heat Stroke in the UAE 

Given the high temperatures, especially in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, prevention is critical: 

If you must go outdoors in the UAE summer, take breaks in the shade and carry water with you. Limit time in the sun and wear UV-protective clothing. 

Conclusion

Hyperthermia, including heat stroke and malignant hyperthermia, is a serious condition that demands awareness and action, especially in the UAE’s extreme climate. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and prevention strategies, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 

If you or someone near you experiences signs of heat stroke, don’t delay—seek medical care immediately. 

Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi offers expert diagnostics, emergency care, and long-term support to help you recover fully. 

What Is Dementia?

Dementia is not a single disease. Rather, it’s a collection of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, studied under neurology including declines in memory, reasoning, decision-making, language skills, and social behavior, that could be severe enough to disrupt daily life. People living with dementia may find it increasingly difficult to perform routine tasks, follow conversations, or maintain independence. Some may also experience mood swings, personality changes, or difficulty with emotional regulation.

Causes of Dementia

Dementia occurs when brain cells are harmed by disease, injury, or abnormal proteins, which interfere with a person’s cognitive functions. Common causes include:

• Alzheimer’s disease: Characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
• Vascular dementia: Stemming from strokes or cerebrovascular damage that reduces blood supply to the brain.

Other types:

While Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are the most common forms, other types also contribute significantly to dementia cases:

Lewy Body Dementia (LBD):

caused by the abnormal buildup of protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. These clumps of protein disrupt normal communication between brain cells and damage areas involved in thinking, movement, and behavior.

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD):

occurs when the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain (the areas controlling personality, behavior, and language) shrink due to abnormal protein accumulation, most often tau or TDP-43 proteins. It is linked to genetic mutations (inherited forms account for up to 40% of cases). These mutations trigger brain cell damage and loss, particularly in regions that regulate language and social behavior.

Symptoms of Dementia

Dementia presents with a wide range of symptoms, which may include:

• Memory loss: Trouble remembering recent events or conversations.
• Communication issues: Difficulty finding words or following discussions.
• Reasoning and judgment changes: Trouble with planning or making decisions.
• Disorientation: Getting lost in familiar places.
• Behavioral changes: Mood swings, withdrawal, anxiety, or diminished motivation.

Not every case of memory loss indicates dementia—sometimes the early signs are subtle and may mimic typical aging.

Dementia vs. Amnesia: What’s the Difference?

Although both dementia and amnesia affect memory, they are distinct conditions with different causes and impacts.

Stages of Dementia

The progression of dementia typically occurs through recognizable stages, ranging from mild to severe:

Early stage (mild):

Symptoms are subtle and may be mistaken for aging.

Middle stage (moderate):

Memory lapses become more apparent and daily tasks grow challenging.

Late stage (severe):

Full-time care and assistance are often required.

Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s: What’s the Difference?

The terms dementia and Alzheimer’s are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same.

• Scope: Dementia is a general category of symptoms; Alzheimer’s is one specific disease.
• Causes: Dementia can be caused by Alzheimer’s, vascular disease, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal degeneration, or other conditions. Alzheimer’s specifically results from neurodegenerative changes in the brain.
• Progression: Alzheimer’s follows a predictable course with defined stages, while dementia progression varies depending on the cause.
• Treatment: Some forms of dementia are potentially reversible (e.g., caused by vitamin deficiencies or thyroid problems). Alzheimer’s, however, is irreversible, though its symptoms can be managed with treatment.

Treatment Options

While most forms of dementia can’t be cured, there are ways to ease symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Medications: Some drugs can slow symptom progression, especially in Alzheimer’s disease.
• Cognitive therapies: Reminiscence therapy, which encourages recalling memories, has shown benefits for mood and engagement.
• Supportive care: Includes caregiver support, assisted living technologies, and behavioral management.
• Clinical trials and emerging treatments: New medications and therapies are being tested. While there is currently no cure for most forms of dementia, scientists are exploring therapies that go beyond symptom management, aiming to slow disease progression or even prevent dementia altogether.

New Medications:

Clinical trials are testing drugs designed to target the underlying brain changes in Alzheimer’s and other dementias, such as reducing amyloid plaques and tau tangles that damage brain cells. Recent FDA-approved drugs (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) represent a step forward in slowing progression in early-stage Alzheimer’s.

Neuroprotective Therapies:

Research focuses on treatments that protect brain cells from further damage, potentially delaying the worsening of symptoms.

Regenerative Medicine:

Early-stage studies are investigating stem cell therapy and other regenerative approaches to restore or repair damaged brain tissue.

Prevention:

While dementia can’t always be prevented, risk may be reduced through lifestyle and health choices:

• Mental stimulation: Lifelong learning, puzzles, reading, bilingualism, or intellectually engaging work may build cognitive reserves.
• Physical activity: Regular exercise significantly reduces dementia risk and promotes brain health—possibly by increasing protective factors like BDNF.
• Heart and vascular health: Managing blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes helps reduce risks—especially for vascular dementia.
• Diet: Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets—rich in fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, and low in saturated fats—are linked to slower cognitive decline.
• Other factors: Avoiding smoking, treating hearing loss, maintaining social connections, and ensuring good sleep and mental health may also lower dementia risks.

Dementia Care at Home: Practical Tips for Families

Caring for a loved one with dementia at home can be deeply rewarding but also challenging. As the condition progresses, daily support becomes essential to maintain safety, comfort, and quality of life. Here are key aspects of effective home care:

1. Create a Safe Environment

• Remove clutter and tripping hazards to prevent falls.
• Label doors, cupboards, or rooms with signs or pictures to help with orientation.
• Install night lights and safety locks if wandering is a concern.

2. Establish Daily Routines

• Consistent schedules reduce confusion and anxiety.
• Encourage participation in simple tasks (folding laundry, setting the table) to maintain independence.
• Plan stimulating activities like music, puzzles, or gentle exercises to keep the mind engaged.

3. Support Nutrition & Hydration

• Offer small, frequent meals with balanced nutrition.
• Encourage hydration, as people with dementia may forget to drink water.
• Adapt food texture if swallowing difficulties arise.

4. Focus on Communication

• Use short, clear sentences and maintain eye contact.
• Be patient—give extra time for responses.
• Avoid arguing; instead, redirect or reassure when confusion occurs.

5. Prioritize Emotional Well-Being

• Encourage social interaction with family, friends, or support groups.
• Play familiar music, show family photos, or engage in reminiscing activities.
• Provide reassurance and a calm environment to reduce agitation or anxiety.

6. Caregiver Support

• Caring for someone with dementia can be exhausting—don’t neglect your own well-being.
• Take breaks, seek respite care if needed, and join caregiver support groups.
• Stay informed about the condition to better anticipate and manage challenges.

7. When to Seek Professional Help

As dementia progresses, professional support may be needed. Home health aides, visiting nurses, or memory care specialists can assist with medical management, daily care, and emotional support.

Dementia Do’s and Don’ts: A Caregiver’s Guide

Supporting someone with dementia requires patience, empathy, and the right approach. The way you interact can make a huge difference in their comfort and emotional well-being.

Do’s:

• Stay calm and patient: Respond gently, even when the person is confused or upset.
• Use simple, clear communication: Speak slowly, with short sentences, and maintain eye contact.
• Offer choices, not demands: Instead of “What do you want for lunch?” try “Would you like soup or salad?”
• Encourage independence: Allow them to do tasks they can still manage, even if it takes longer.
• Maintain routines: Predictable schedules provide a sense of safety and reduce anxiety.
• Engage in meaningful activities: Music, art, or looking through photo albums can spark positive emotions.

Don’ts:

• Don’t argue or correct harshly: Trying to convince them of “facts” often increases frustration.
• Don’t rush them: Extra time is needed for thinking, speaking, and moving.
• Don’t overload with information: Too many choices or long instructions can overwhelm.

Conclusion:

Dementia is more than a medical condition—it’s a profound human experience. While it currently lacks a cure, knowledge is power. Understanding causes, recognizing symptoms, seeking early diagnosis, and embracing supportive care can profoundly impact life quality for both individuals and families.

Through lifestyle changes, compassionate support, medical care, and research, we can help those affected navigate the journey with greater dignity and clarity.

In this blog, we explore a triple viral threat currently unfolding across the UAE—each posing unique challenges to public health. First, H1N1 (Swine Flu) continues its unusual off-season activity, with spikes in cases still being recorded. Second, H5 bird flu (avian influenza) is spreading globally among birds and mammals, though no human cases have been confirmed in the UAE. Third, COVID-19, powered by the emerging NB.1.8.1 variant, is resurging, with test positivity rates climbing across the region. This evolving situation calls for renewed attention to prevention, early detection, and timely vaccination.

H1N1 Resurgence in the UAE

What Is H1N1?

H1N1, often referred to as “swine flu,” is a type of Influenza A virus that behaves much like the seasonal flu—but with a few differences. It spreads through tiny droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even talks. You can also catch it by touching surfaces where those droplets have landed and then touching your face, especially your mouth, nose, or eyes.

While H1N1 usually causes typical flu symptoms—like fever, sore throat, cough, body aches, and fatigue—it sometimes includes stomach issues like diarrhea or vomiting, especially in children. It can also hit harder for high-risk individuals, including pregnant women, the elderly, young children, and people with ongoing health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart problems.

H1N1 Trends in the UAE

Peak Activity in November

H1N1 was the most common flu strain this past winter, with about 200 confirmed cases reported weekly. Many of these also involved co-infections, meaning people were sick with H1N1 and another illness, often a bacterial infection like Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which can cause pneumonia-like symptoms.

December to February

After the November peak, the number of weekly H1N1 cases dropped but didn’t disappear, hovering around 10–20 per week. That may sound like a big drop, but it’s still higher than what’s typical for the tail end of flu season.

Just because H1N1 cases went down after December doesn’t mean the virus vanished. It’s still around, still spreading, and still causing illness—even into spring and summer. That’s why staying alert, practicing good hygiene, and considering vaccination remain important, even outside the traditional flu months.

What Is Bird Flu (H5N1)?

Bird flu, or H5N1, is a virus that primarily affects birds but can sometimes infect other animals, and in rare cases, even humans. The most recent strain causing global concern is called H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b. It’s highly contagious among birds, especially in wild populations, and has now been detected in a variety of animals, including cats, cows, goats, and even sea mammals like seals.

So, can people catch it? Yes, but it’s very rare. Most human cases have involved close contact with infected birds or contaminated environments, like bird markets or farms. There’s no clear evidence that this virus spreads easily from person to person, which is reassuring, but it’s still something global health experts are watching very closely.

Bird Flu in the UAE: What’s Happening Now?

As of now, there are no confirmed human cases of bird flu in the UAE, and that’s good news. However, authorities are staying cautious. Poultry farms are being closely monitored, and imports of birds are under strict surveillance. The country is taking all necessary steps to prevent the virus from entering or spreading within its borders.

A Quick Look at the Global Picture

Widespread among birds

Tens of millions of birds around the world have either died from the virus or been culled to prevent its spread.

Jump to mammals

In a concerning twist, more animals than ever, including cats, dogs, cows, and wild sea creatures, have tested positive over the last year.

Occasional human infections

There have been a few cases where people got very sick, and even died, after close exposure. These cases remain rare but serious.

Vaccine status

There are bird flu vaccines available for poultry, and a few human vaccines exist too. However, these human versions are not in widespread use, unless a higher threat level emerges.

Why It Matters

Even though bird flu hasn’t caused any human outbreaks in the UAE, the way it’s spreading in animals worldwide keeps health officials on high alert. The goal is to stay one step ahead, monitor the situation closely, and act quickly if needed.

Common Symptoms of Bird Flu (H5N1) in Humans:

While bird flu infections in humans are rare, when they do occur, they can be serious and often start like a regular flu but escalate quickly. Here are the typical symptoms:

Early Symptoms (Within 2–8 Days of Exposure):

• High fever (38°C or higher)
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Muscle aches and fatigue
• Headache

Gastrointestinal Symptoms:

• Diarrhea
• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain

(These are more common in bird flu than in regular seasonal flu.)

Progressing or Severe Symptoms:

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Chest pain
• Severe respiratory illness (e.g., pneumonia)
• Seizures or altered mental state (in very severe cases)
• Bleeding from the nose or gums (rare but possible in critical infections)

COVID-19 Rebound & the New NB.1.8.1 Variant in the UAE

As summer brings changes in virus patterns, COVID-19 is reemerging globally—and the UAE is part of this trend.

What Is NB.1.8.1?

• A Variant Under Monitoring (VUM), NB.1.8.1, was first detected in January 2025
• By mid-May, it represented about 10.7% of all COVID-19 cases analyzed worldwide—a sharp increase from just 2.5% in early April
• This subvariant includes several spike protein mutations thought to enhance how well the virus can attach to human cells and partially escape antibodies

What You Should Know About Vaccination

Updated vaccines, like the LP.8.1 monovalent versions, are still effective at preventing serious illness from NB.1.8.1. Especially for older adults, people with chronic illness, or immunocompromised individuals, staying current with COVID boosters is crucial.

What This Means for the UAE

The UAE has seen test positivity reach 15–17%, showing COVID is on the rise alongside flu viruses in summer.

Symptoms of the NB.1.8.1 Variant of COVID-19 Virus 2025

Common Respiratory Symptoms

• Fever or chills
• Cough (often mild)
• Sore throat (sometimes intense, described as a “razorblade” feel in the throat)
• Nasal congestion or runny nose
• Fatigue and body/muscle aches
• Headache

Additional or Mild Symptoms

• Hoarseness of voice—emerging symptoms across multiple variants including NB.1.8.1, XFG, and LF.7
• Loss of taste or smell—less common but still reported
• Shortness of breath in some cases

Gastrointestinal Involvement

• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stomach pains

These GI symptoms are more frequent in NB.1.8.1 than in previous COVID variants, affecting about 30% of patients in some regions.

Elderly individuals, immunocompromised people, and those with chronic conditions remain at higher risk, especially if unvaccinated.

What You Can Do

• Treat it like other COVID variants: rest, stay hydrated, and use over-the-counter remedies.
• Monitor symptoms closely: if GI issues or shortness of breath persist, consult a doctor.
• Stay protected: masks, hand hygiene, and updated vaccines (including boosters) are still effective.
• Get tested: early identification helps prevent spread and ensures timely care.

Combined Protection Strategy

In the face of three concurrent threats, here’s how you can stay safe:

1. Lead With Hygiene

• Wash hands for 20 seconds or use a 70%+ alcohol sanitizer.
• Avoid touching your face, especially after touching public surfaces.

2. Mask & Distance

• Wear masks in indoor crowds.
• Keep distance (~1–2m) from anyone with symptoms.

3. Cough & Sneeze Ethically

• Cover coughs/sneezes with your elbow or tissue.
• Dispose of tissues immediately.

4. Stay Home If Sick

• Self-isolation at first symptoms (fever, cough, body ache).
• Avoid school or work if you have flu symptoms.

5. Clean & Disinfect

• Sanitize frequently used surfaces: phones, remotes, door handles.
• Do not share personal items like towels or toothbrushes.

6. Know the Red Flags

Seek immediate medical attention for:

• Difficulty breathing
• Chest/abdominal pain
• Sudden dizziness/confusion
• Severe diarrhea or vomiting

7. Vaccinate Without Delay

• Flu shots offer protection against H1N1 and other strains.
• COVID boosters (LP.8.1-targeting) remain vital for vulnerable populations.
• Bird flu: Not yet available for the public—animal vaccine only.

First Response Healthcare: Close-to-Home Support

Partnering with DHA & DOH, First Response offers:

• At-home flu and COVID vaccinations
• PCR and rapid diagnostic tests
• Telehealth consultations, including antiviral prescriptions
• In-home care guidance, especially for children, pregnant women and elderly patients

Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches

Conclusion

While winter may have passed, respiratory threats haven’t. In the UAE, H1N1 cases still linger, bird flu risks persist globally, and a resurgence of COVID-19 requires ongoing awareness. As we head into the warmer months:

• Don’t drop your guard, practice hand hygiene, and avoid contact if feeling unwell.
• Vaccinate year-round, especially if traveling or in high-risk groups.
• Stay alert to symptoms and don’t hesitate to test or isolate.
• Leverage at-home care: telehealth, mobile testing, and in-home vaccination can simplify your safety.

First Response Healthcare continues to support your well-being all year with expert at-home medical care, flu shots, COVID testing, and bilingual consultations.

At Reem Hospital, our experienced dermatologists use advanced PRP techniques for face, skin, and hair treatments tailored to your specific needs. Whether you’re dealing with hair thinning, acne scars, or signs of aging, PRP can be part of a personalized plan to restore your confidence.

What is PRP Treatment?

PRP stands for Platelet-Rich Plasma — a concentrated form of your own blood plasma that’s rich in platelets and growth factors. These components play a vital role in tissue repair, collagen production, and cell renewal.

In a PRP procedure, a small amount of your blood is drawn, processed in a centrifuge to separate the plasma, and then injected or applied to targeted areas on the skin, face, or scalp. Because it comes from your own body, PRP reduces the risk of allergic reactions or adverse effects.

PRP Treatment for the Face

PRP treatment for the face is often referred to as the “vampire facial” — a cosmetic procedure that helps:

• Reduce fine lines and wrinkles
• Improve skin texture and tone
• Diminish acne scars and enlarged pores
• Boost collagen production for firmer skin

Your dermatologist may combine PRP with microneedling for even better absorption and results.

Did You Know?

Collagen production begins to decline in your mid-20s, but PRP can help re-activate it naturally, making your skin look younger over time.

PRP Hair Treatment

PRP hair treatment is widely used to treat hair thinning and certain types of hair loss, including androgenetic alopecia (male or female pattern baldness).

What is PRP hair treatment?

It involves injecting PRP directly into the scalp to nourish hair follicles, extend the growth phase, and increase hair density. Over several sessions, many patients notice:

• Reduced hair shedding
• Thicker, healthier hair strands
• New hair growth in thinning areas

At Reem Hospital, our dermatologists design a PRP hair plan tailored to your scalp health and hair restoration goals.

PRP Skin Treatment

Beyond the face, PRP skin treatment can be applied to the neck, hands, décolletage, and other areas needing rejuvenation. Benefits include:

• Reducing sun damage and pigmentation
• Smoothing stretch marks
• Improving skin hydration and glow

Did You Know?

Because PRP stimulates your body’s natural repair process, results can continue to improve for months after treatment.

Benefits of PRP Treatment

The benefits of PRP treatment go beyond just cosmetic improvement:

The PRP Procedure: Step-by-Step

Consultation with a Dermatologist

At Reem Hospital, we begin with a full skin and scalp assessment to determine if PRP is right for you.

Blood Draw

A small sample of your blood is taken, usually from the arm.

Centrifugation

The blood is spun in a centrifuge to separate the platelet-rich plasma.

Application

PRP is either injected directly into the treatment area or applied topically (often with microneedling).

Recovery

Minimal downtime; you may notice slight redness or tenderness for 1–2 days.

Did You Know?

PRP has been used in sports medicine and orthopedics for years to speed up healing — its cosmetic applications are just as powerful.

How Many PRP Sessions Will You Need?

The number of sessions depends on your goals and condition severity:

• Face & Skin: 3–4 sessions spaced 4–6 weeks apart, then maintenance every 6–12 months
• Hair: 3–6 initial sessions, followed by maintenance every 6 months

Your dermatologist will recommend a schedule that maximizes your results.

PRP Treatment Results

You can expect gradual, natural-looking results:

• Hair: Reduced shedding and visible thickening in 3–6 months
• Skin/Face: Improved texture and tone within 4–8 weeks, with continued improvement for months
• Scars: Fading and smoother appearance over multiple sessions

Aftercare Tips for PRP

To get the most out of your treatment:

• Avoid heavy makeup for 24 hours after face PRP
• Skip hair washing for 24 hours after scalp PRP
• Protect treated skin from sun exposure
• Follow your dermatologist’s skincare and haircare recommendations

Who Should Avoid PRP?

PRP is generally safe, but it may not be suitable for those with:

• Blood clotting disorders
• Active infections in the treatment area
• Severe skin conditions
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding

A consultation with a dermatologist is essential before starting PRP therapy.

Final Takeaway

Whether you’re considering PRP treatment for the face, PRP hair treatment, or PRP skin treatment, this natural, minimally invasive procedure can deliver impressive results. By harnessing your body’s own growth factors, PRP promotes healing, boosts collagen, and restores vitality to your skin and hair.

At Reem Hospital, our skilled dermatologists provide safe, effective PRP treatments as part of personalized care plans. Combined with comprehensive health screenings and other dermatological services, PRP can help you look and feel your best — naturally.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that affects certain areas of the brain and causes seizures or convulsions. It can affect anyone of any age, there’s no age limit to this disease. It occurs due to a sudden change of electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures.  

In this blog, we will give you a comprehensive look at the different types of epilepsy seizures that may affect people, especially those at higher risk of developing it. We will also discuss the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of epileptic seizures. 

Types of Epilepsy 

1. Focal (Partial) Epilepsy Seizures 

Focal epilepsy seizures occur when seizures originate in a specific area of one side of the brain, based on which patients can experience different symptoms. 

Types of Focal Epilepsy 

• Temporal Lobe Epilepsy – Arises in the temporal lobes, affecting memory and emotions. 

• Frontal Lobe Epilepsy – Due to dysfunction of the frontal lobe of the brain, leading to sudden movements or speech disruptions. 

• Occipital Lobe Epilepsy – The Occipital lobe is responsible for vision. Any damage to this lobe leads to vision affection, the patient experiences flashing lights or visual distortions. 

• Parietal Lobe Epilepsy – Impacts sensory processing, causing tingling or numbness. 

2. Generalized Epilepsy Seizures 

Generalized epilepsy seizures affect both hemispheres of the brain from the start, leading to widespread seizures. 

Types of Generalized Epilepsy 

• Absence Seizures – Brief staring episodes lasting a few seconds. 

• Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures – Seizures of severe intensity associated with loss of consciousness. 

• Myoclonic Seizures – Sudden non-purposeful movements often occur in the morning. 

Epilepsy Causes 

The main reason for the seizures is still unknown. However, some triggers are 

• Family history: The parents may transmit defective genes to their children. 

• In utero events hinder brain development, or brain damage during delivery or after birth: Brain damage or improper brain development before the child’s delivery can occur due to less oxygen, nutrients, and pregnancy complications in the mother. 

• Head trauma: Any accident involving brain injury can increase the chances of the development of seizures or epilepsy. 

• Brain and central nervous system disorders: Tumors, stroke, and Alzheimer’s can affect brain activities and precipitate seizures. 

• Some infectious diseases: Infections like HIV/AIDS, meningitis, and encephalitis alter brain function and may cause epilepsy. 

• Substance abuse: Prolonged use of drugs and alcohol can lead to epilepsy. 

Epilepsy Symptoms 

• Confusion 

• Non-purposeful movements of the body 

• Loss of consciousness  

• Body stiffening 

• Rapid eye movement 

• Continuous staring without blinking 

• Unresponsive to words and sounds 

• Loss of bowel and bladder control 

• Loss of sensation (sight, hearing, and taste) 

• Loss of cognitive ability and body coordination. 

Stages of Epilepsy 

Stage 1 

Stage 1 is called the “aura” phase. It is experienced just before the seizures. The person may have: 

• Dizziness 

• Numbness in the body 

• Headache 

• Vision problems 

• Nausea 

• Constant fear and panic 

Stage 2 

Stage 2 is called the “Ictal” phase. The nerves inside the body are affected by the chemical changes that happen in the brain, which cause: 

• Seizures 

• Loss of motor control 

• Body twitching and convulsions 

• Hallucinations 

• Loss of senses, etc. 

Last Stage 

The last stage is called the Postictal phase. The stage of recovery after the epileptic episode. You may feel: 

• Intense thirst 

• Fatigue 

• Headache 

• Confusion 

• Body weakness and pain 

• Nausea, etc. 

Epilepsy Diagnosis 

The conditions require a neurologist who would request various blood tests and scans to diagnose epilepsy, such as:  

1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) 

Your doctor will attach some electrodes to your scalp, which will record the brain waves during simple performance tasks. EEG is one of the essential tools that help neurologists diagnose the exact condition. 

2. MRI scan: 

Frequently used to detect any underlying structural brain abnormalities or brain damage that seizures precipitate. 

3. Blood test 

To detect any underlying causes leading to brain dysfunction. 

Epilepsy Treatment 

The seizures can be controlled with timely intervention if diagnosed accurately. Some treatment options are: 

• Medicines: Your neurologist may prescribe some medications that help minimize the seizure episodes. 

• Nerve stimulator: By using a certain device that sends mild electrical impulses to the brain via the vagus nerve. 

• Brain surgery: The surgery is effective in cases of local seizures, where a specific area in the brain is affected. Your doctor will refer you to a neurosurgeon for the removal of this area of the brain, known as lobectomy surgery. The neurosurgeon resects the lobe responsible for these seizures. 

The treatment plan differs from one person to another. Therefore, it is best to consult our top neurologists in Abu Dhabi to discuss your tailored treatment plan. 

Here are your lifetime strategies on what to do and what to avoid if you experience seizures 

Do 

• Carry your medical ID, such as a bracelet or a card that lets people know you have epilepsy 

• Let your family and friends learn about your condition, the triggers of it, and the recovery position they should place you in while having seizures until the ambulance arrives  

• Place the patient on the floor in a safe place and remove any sharp objects from around them at least 3 meters  

• Turn them on the left side 

• Put their right hand under the chin and the right leg on the floor in front of the left one 

• Ensure that nothing obstructs their breathing.  

(A picture to be added for the recovery position) 

• Make your home safer – for example, you can fit carpets and a radiator cover 

• Have showers instead of baths if you can, as it’s safer 

• Consider the safety measures when doing activities such as cooking, using tools or machinery, swimming, or sports 

Don’t 

• Do not miss doses of your epilepsy medicine 

• Do not change your epilepsy treatment without getting advice from your neurologist 

• Do not drink alcohol, as it can increase the risk of seizures 

Possible Complications of Epilepsy 

Complications of frequent seizures may include: 

• Migraine  

• Heart and spinal cord issues  

• Hyperthermia or fever  

• Speech problems 

• Movements and motor difficulties.  

• Psychological complications may include mood swings, anxiety, and depression.  

Prolonged seizures can lead to decreased oxygen delivery to many organs. The most sensitive organ to oxygen lacks is the brain. Hence, epilepsy can lead to permanent brain damage. 

Epilepsy Prevention 

Primary Prevention 

• Get your full vaccinations administered at a young age, as they include vaccinations against certain infectious diseases that may lead to epilepsy. It is safe to be immunized and prevent infection that may lead to serious illness. 

• Ensure good pregnancy care by consulting your gynecologist about the optimal way of taking care of your child during pregnancy. It will minimize the risk of improper brain development of the baby. 

• Wash your hands regularly before eating. Hygienic food can avoid many health complications. Epilepsy may occur due to a certain infection. So, beating infection can beat epilepsy. 

• Prevent brain injuries by wearing helmets on the bike and seat belts while driving. 

Secondary Prevention 

People who experience seizures are at a 70% higher risk of suffering from further attacks in the future. However, the possible rate of expected recurrence of seizures also depends on the type of seizure, the age group, genetic history, and comorbidities. 

If any patient has their first seizure, they should take extra precautions and care to avoid any future episodes. 

• Medicines: Do not stop any medication without following up with your neurologist. 

• Lifestyle changes: Adopt a healthy lifestyle, avoid eating junk food, alcohol, and unknown drugs, and practice regular exercise helps keep the mind and body active and decreases the frequency of seizures. 

• Ketogenic diet: Your doctor may recommend reducing carbs and eating more fats and proteins. Healthy fats help with numerous brain metabolic functions. 

Conclusion 

Epilepsy is a complex condition that affects individuals in various ways, and understanding its causes, symptoms, types, and treatment options is essential for managing the disease. While there is no one-size-fits-all solution, timely intervention, personalized treatment plans, and lifestyle changes can significantly improve the quality of life for people living with epilepsy. With proper care and support, individuals with epilepsy can lead fulfilling and active lives. If you or someone you know is experiencing seizures, it is important to consult with a Neurologist to get the right diagnosis and treatment.